Shikshan Sanshodhan : Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences

Abstract: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant shift in India’s educational landscape by emphasizing holistic, experiential, and skill-based learning. This theoretical paper critically examines NEP 2020 through the Gandhian framework of Nai Talim (Basic Education), which envisioned education as an integrated process of intellectual, moral, and practical development. Drawing upon Gandhian educational philosophy, the study explores the conceptual convergence between Nai Talim and contemporary skill-based education, particularly in terms of work-centred learning, dignity of labour, self-reliance, and social responsibility. The paper analyses key policy provisions of NEP 2020 related to vocational education, experiential learning, community engagement, and multidisciplinary approaches, assessing their alignment with Gandhian ideals of education as a means of holistic human development rather than mere employability. While NEP 2020 demonstrates continuity with Nai Talim in its emphasis on hands-on learning, ethical values, and local knowledge systems, the paper also identifies critical departures, especially the growing risk of market-driven skill orientation that may undermine Gandhian notions of self-sufficiency and moral purpose. Through a philosophical and critical analysis, the study highlights the pedagogical, curricular, and social implications of integrating Nai Talim principles into the contemporary education system. The paper concludes by arguing that a meaningful reinterpretation of Nai Talim is essential for realizing the transformative vision of NEP 2020 and for fostering sustainable, inclusive, and value-based education in 21st-century India.